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Behavior change (public health)
Behavior change is a central objective in public health interventions,〔WHO 2002: World Health Report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life Accessed Feb 2015 http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/whr02_en.pdf?ua=1〕 with an increased focus on prevention prior to onset of disease.〔US Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Prevention Strategy Accessed Feb 2015 http://www.cdc.gov/features/preventionstrategy/〕 This is particularly important in low and middle income countries, where efficiency of health spending and costs and benefits of health interventions has come under increased scrutiny in recent decades〔Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., (eds) (2006) Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition Chapter 2: Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Accessed Feb 2015 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11784/〕
== Background ==
Many health conditions are caused by risk behaviors, such as problem drinking, substance use, smoking, reckless driving, overeating, or unprotected sexual intercourse. The key question in health behavior research is how to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Fortunately, human beings have, in principle, control over their conduct. Health-compromising behaviors can be eliminated by self-regulatory efforts, and health-enhancing behaviors can be adopted instead, such as physical exercise, weight control, preventive nutrition, dental hygiene, condom use, or accident prevention. Health behavior change refers to the motivational, volitional, and actional processes of abandoning such health-compromising behaviors in favor of adopting and maintaining health-enhancing behaviors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.psp-one.com Private Sector Partnerships )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net/ Barrier Analysis website )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Designing for Behavior Change Curriculum )〕
Behavior change programs, which have evolved over time, encompass a broad range of activities and approaches, which focus on the individual, community, and environmental influences on behavior. Behavior change, a relatively recent public health-related term, should not be confused with behavior modification, a term with specific meaning in a clinical psychiatry setting.
One emerging concept in the American health system is that of small, manageable changes. It is not necessary to make sweeping, drastic alterations to one's whole lifestyle in order to see benefit; something is better than nothing. Dietary and exercise contexts, in particular show the benefit of moderate, slow changes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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